India has pledged $500 million in concessional financing to modernize the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric dam in Laos. The funding will upgrade turbine efficiency, install eco-flow regulators, and construct fish ladders to protect aquatic biodiversity. The project is part of the Mekong-Ganga cooperation framework and will be implemented in partnership with the Laos Ministry of Energy. India will also provide technical training and environmental impact assessments. The modernization effort aims to improve Southeast Asia’s regional energy cooperation and strengthen India-Laos bilateral ties.